194
Child Protection in Ontario and Israel: A Comparative Analysis
Mosek, A.

Abstract
This paper presents a comparative analysis of child protection services in Ontario, Canada and Israel. The summary of these findings and their implications led to insights that can raise awareness of unchecked discourses, enable the refraining of issues and concerns, and open up new alternatives for policy and program development. We set the framework for this comparison by presenting demographic characteristics of children, families, and subgroups, and highlighting issues of poverty, cultural diversity and inequality which are prevalent in families involved with child protection. A review of the perception of child protection in both societies contrasts their culture and ideology, historical developments and legal context, as well as their policy positions and child protection interventions. Focusing on the implications of this comparison, the strengths and weaknesses of each society were highlighted, pointing out lessons to be learned.

213
Acquisition of professional knowledge and parental knowledge within the PRIFAM intervention program
Pelchat, D., & Lefebvre; H.

Abstract
Training of perinatal nurses in the PRIFAM family intervention program and implementation of the program led to a retrospective study on the knowledge acquired within the partnership relationship. The study sought to identify the theoretical, experiential and transformational knowledge acquired and the co-learning accomplished by the perinatal nurses and families of children with trisomy 21 who took part in the study. The results show that partnership, the relational basis for the PRIFAM program, promotes sharing of knowledge and the development of parental skills, and that the reciprocal, mutual engagement of each partner generates co-learning that promotes family adjustment and makes nursing practice more fulfilling.

228
A Comparative Analysis of Social Work Responses to Child Abuse in the United Arab Emirates
Crabtree, S.A.

Abstract
This paper argues that social work in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is at an early developmental stage in relation to the implementation of effective services for children at risk of abuse. Research shows that social work training and practice has yet to develop an adequate indigenous response to child abuse. Additionally, it appears that crucial training for the detection of risk, as may be found in the wider international community, is not taught or practiced in the U.A.E, often due to cultural sensitivities regarding the open discussion of unlawful sexual practices in Islamic terms. A deficit in training in conjunction with disorganized social work responses to the issues of risk is not deemed sufficiently capable of adequately protecting children at risk due to a lack of legal frameworks and procedural guidelines to inform good practice.

238
Children 'At Risk' in Secure Accommodation
O'Neill, T.

Abstract
In the UK, some children who are deemed to be `at risk' of significant harm in the community are incarcerated in local authority secure accommodation under child welfare legislation, together with young people convicted or accused of serious criminal offences. The deprivation of the liberty and the rights of this group of children is justified on the basis of what is considered to be in their `best interests', and their placement together with young offenders is defended on the basis that young people who have committed crimes are also vulnerable and could be assessed as `children in need'. This article will review the literature and question the legitimacy of secure accommodation as it is currently constituted to provide protective custody for children at risk in the child welfare system.

249
Book Review An Opening to a Secret Garden
Wu, Y.